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[19] Reynolds Lamont Lecky上尉,是印度军队中的一名预备军官,在美索不达米亚战役间隶属第120 拉吉普塔纳(Rajputana)步兵团。IWMIWM, Documents 21099.
[20] 虽然英军只死亡100人,但受伤1100人,其中多数伤势严重。奥斯曼军死伤2800人,另有 1150人沦为战俘。Moberly, The Campaign in Mesopotamia, 1:337.
[21] Kitchener is quoted in Townshend, When God Made Hell, 140–141; F. J. Moberly, The Campaign in Mesopotamia, 1914–1918 (London: HMSO, 1924), 2:15.
[22] Moberly, The Campaign in Mesopotamia, 2:28.
[23] Wardi, Lamahat, 4:224.
[24] 萨尔曼,先知的理发师,通常被称为Salman al-Farsi,或 Salman the Persian. Wardi, Lamahat, 4:224.
[25] IWM, Lecky diary, entry of 29 October 1915.
[26] Erickson, Ordered to Die, 112–113; Moberly, The Campaign in Mesopotamia, 2:49–58.
[27] From the article by Staff Major Mehmed Amin, cited by Moberly, The Campaign in Mesopotamia, 2:59.
[28] IWM, Lecky diary, entry of 22 November 1915. 仅在战斗的第一天,即11月22日,英军便失去了240名军官和 4200 名士兵;奥斯曼军有4500 人死亡,4500人受伤,另有1200 人被俘。Erickson, Ordered to Die, 113.
[29] 这组对句的阿拉伯语原文为: Rashad, ya ibn al-buma, `asakirak mahzuma / Rashad, ya ibn al-khayiba, `asakirak ha li-sayiba. Wardi, Lamahat, 4:233.
[30] “阿里的神圣旗帜”(阿拉伯语为 al-`alam al-haydari al-sharif)引自Wardi, Lamahat,4:233–242,其中提到haydar这个名字与哈里发阿里有关。
[31] 关于奥斯曼军在利比亚加紧圣战的内容,参见Sean McMeekin, The Berlin-Baghdad Express: The Ottoman Empire and Germany’s Bid for World Power, 1898–1918 (London: Allen lane, 2010), 259–274;P. G. Elgood, Egypt and the Army (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1924), 270–274;Latifa Muhammad Salim, Masr fi’l-harb al-`alimiyya al- ula [第一次世界大战中的埃及] (Cairo: Dar al-Shorouk, 2009), 290–296.
[32] 关于贾法尔·阿斯卡里讲述的1915年利比亚战役,参见他的回忆录,A Soldier’s Story: From Ottoman Rule to Independent Iraq (London: Arabian Publishing, 2003), 54–85.
[33] George McMunn and Cyril Falls, Military Operations: Egypt and Palestine from the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917 (London: HMSO: 1928), 106.
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[20] 虽然英军只死亡100人,但受伤1100人,其中多数伤势严重。奥斯曼军死伤2800人,另有 1150人沦为战俘。Moberly, The Campaign in Mesopotamia, 1:337.
[21] Kitchener is quoted in Townshend, When God Made Hell, 140–141; F. J. Moberly, The Campaign in Mesopotamia, 1914–1918 (London: HMSO, 1924), 2:15.
[22] Moberly, The Campaign in Mesopotamia, 2:28.
[23] Wardi, Lamahat, 4:224.
[24] 萨尔曼,先知的理发师,通常被称为Salman al-Farsi,或 Salman the Persian. Wardi, Lamahat, 4:224.
[25] IWM, Lecky diary, entry of 29 October 1915.
[26] Erickson, Ordered to Die, 112–113; Moberly, The Campaign in Mesopotamia, 2:49–58.
[27] From the article by Staff Major Mehmed Amin, cited by Moberly, The Campaign in Mesopotamia, 2:59.
[28] IWM, Lecky diary, entry of 22 November 1915. 仅在战斗的第一天,即11月22日,英军便失去了240名军官和 4200 名士兵;奥斯曼军有4500 人死亡,4500人受伤,另有1200 人被俘。Erickson, Ordered to Die, 113.
[29] 这组对句的阿拉伯语原文为: Rashad, ya ibn al-buma, `asakirak mahzuma / Rashad, ya ibn al-khayiba, `asakirak ha li-sayiba. Wardi, Lamahat, 4:233.
[30] “阿里的神圣旗帜”(阿拉伯语为 al-`alam al-haydari al-sharif)引自Wardi, Lamahat,4:233–242,其中提到haydar这个名字与哈里发阿里有关。
[31] 关于奥斯曼军在利比亚加紧圣战的内容,参见Sean McMeekin, The Berlin-Baghdad Express: The Ottoman Empire and Germany’s Bid for World Power, 1898–1918 (London: Allen lane, 2010), 259–274;P. G. Elgood, Egypt and the Army (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1924), 270–274;Latifa Muhammad Salim, Masr fi’l-harb al-`alimiyya al- ula [第一次世界大战中的埃及] (Cairo: Dar al-Shorouk, 2009), 290–296.
[32] 关于贾法尔·阿斯卡里讲述的1915年利比亚战役,参见他的回忆录,A Soldier’s Story: From Ottoman Rule to Independent Iraq (London: Arabian Publishing, 2003), 54–85.
[33] George McMunn and Cyril Falls, Military Operations: Egypt and Palestine from the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917 (London: HMSO: 1928), 106.
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