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  福卡斯统治下的无政府时期,成为晚期罗马帝国历史的最后一个阶段。在此阶段,古代帝国最终灭亡,而晚期罗马帝国阶段,或早期拜占廷帝国阶段也终告结束。拜占廷帝国从这场危机进入了一个完全不同的阶段,它得以抛弃垂死的政治生活遗产,吸取全新的充满生机和活力的资源。拜占廷的历史,正确地说是中世纪希腊帝国的历史由此拉开了序幕。

  【注释】

  [1]Cf.Moravcsik,Byzantinoturcica I,165 ff.,for a most instructive analysis of the characteristics of Byzantine sources.

  [2]ed.E.Schwartz and T.Mommsen,3 vols.,Leipzig 1903-9;small edition by E.Schwartz,Leipzig 1914.Cf.also the notes by E.Schwartz,PW 6(1907),1370 ff.

  [3]ed.I.A.Heikel,Leipzig 1902.H.Grégoire,B 13(1938),561 ff.,has questioned the authenticity of the Vita and thinks that at any rate the material was worked over and interpolations made at the end of the fourth century.Most scholars reject this thesis.Cf.the forceful counter-arguments by N.H.Baynes,BZ 39(1939),46 ff.;J.Vogt,‘Berichteüber Kreuzeserscheinungen aus dem 4.Jh.n.Chr.’,Mélanges Grégoire I(1949),593 ff.and Constantin der Grosse und sein Jahrhundert(1949),164 ff.;A.Piganiol,‘Sur quelques passages de la Vita Constantini’,Mélanges Grégoire Ⅱ(1950),513 ff.,and Empire Chrétien,p.xiii;H.Dorries,Das Selbstzeugnis Kaiser Konstantins,Abh.d.Akad.d.Wiss.zu Gottingen,Phil-hist Kl.,Ⅲ Folge,No.34(1954);A.H.M.Jones,‘Notes on the Genuineness of the Constantinian Documents in Eusebius’Life of Constantine,Journ.Eccl.Hist.5(1954),196 ff.;J.Moreau,‘Zum Problem der Vita Constantini’,Historia 4(1953),234 ff.;K.Aland,‘Die religiose Haltung Kaiser Konstantins’,Studia Patristica Ⅰ(1957),549 ff.On the other hand,Grégoire’s thesis is supported by P.Orgels,‘A propos des erreurs historiques de la Vita Constantini’,Mélanges Grégoire Ⅳ(1953),575 ff.

  [4]ed.C.Clark,Berlin 1910,1915.

  [5]Müller,FHG Ⅳ,7-56.Cf.also Excerpta de legationibus,ed.C.de Boor(1903),591-9.

  [6]Müller,FHG Ⅳ,57-68.

  [7]ed.L.Mendelssohn,Leipzig 1887.

  [8]Müller,FHG IV,69-100;V,24-6.Excerpta de legationibus,ed.C.de Boor(1903),121-255,575-91.

  [9]Migne,PG 67,28-842.

  [10]Migne,PG 67,843-1630.

  [11]ed.L.Parmentier,Leipzig 1911.

  [12]ed.J.Bidez and L.Parmentier,London 1898.

  [13]Trans.J.M.Schonfelder,Munich 1862 and R.P.Smith,Oxford 1860.A new edition of the third and most important part of this work,with a Latin translation,is given by Brooks,Corpus Script.Christ.Or.Scriptores Syri,Series Ⅱ,t.Ⅲ.1935,1936(inaccessible to me).Cf.the great monograph by A.P.Djakonov,Ioann Efesskij i ego cerkovno-istoriсěsfie trudy(John of Ephesus and his Ecclesiastical History),St.Petersburg,1908,and idem‘Izvestija Joanna Efesskogo i sirijskich chronik o slavjanach Ⅵ-Ⅶ vv.’,(Account of the Slavs in the sixth and seventh centuries in John of Ephesus and the syriac chronicles),Vestnik drevnej istorii 1946,Ⅰ,20 ff.
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