第193章（1 / 2）
[26]Cf.Ostrogorsky，La féodalité55 ff.
[27]Cf.Vasiliev，‘Foundation’3-37（and his supplementary article‘Mesarites as a Source’，Speculum 13（1938），180 ff.）.On the title of the Emperors of Trebizond ascf.Dolger，BZ 36（1936），233.whose suggestion that it was a version of the Byzantine title ofis more convincing than the explanation that it was in contrast to the rulers of Epirus suggested by N.Jorga，Revue Sud-Est europ.13（1936），176.
[28]On the role of Queen Thamar cf.Vasiliev，‘Foundation’12 ff.His views supported by documentary evidence do not seem to me to be invalidated by the objections of Jorga，op.cit.172 ff.
[29]On Sabbas cf.P.Orgels，‘Sabas Asidénos，dynaste de Sampson’，B 10（1935），67 ff.On the identification of Sampson，which has been confused with Sampson（Amisus）on the Black Sea，cf.G.de Jerphanion，‘ο.Une ville à déplacer de neuf cents kilomètres’，OCP 1（1935），257 ff.
[30]Nic.Choniates 791 and 808.Villehardouin Ⅱ，145（ed.Faral）.Cf.Gerland，Lat.Kaiserreich 41;Longnon，Empire latin 64 ff.；B.Primov，‘Gruucko-buulgarski suujuz v nacalo na ⅩⅢ vek’（The Graeco-Bulgarian alliance at the beginning of the thirteenth century），Istoriceski Pregled 4（1947），22 ff.
[31]There is a detailed description of the battle of Adrianople in Gerland，Lat.Kaiserreich 46 ff.，and Longnon，Empire latin 77 ff.
[32]On court life at Nicaea cf.Andreeva，Ocerki 55 ff.
[33]Heisenberg，‘Neue Quellen’Ⅱ，8 ff.
[34]B.Sinogowitz，‘Ueber das byzantinische Kaisertum nach dem Vierten Kreuzzuge（1204-1205）’，BZ 45（1952），345 ff.，convincingly demonstrates that it was not Theodore，but his brother Constantine Lascaris，who was proclaimed Emperor in St.Sophia on 13 April 1204 after Alexius V’s flight and immediately before the entry of the crusaders into Constantinople（according to Nic.Choniates 756，2）.I had accepted the opposite interpretation of Dolger，Reg.Ⅲ，1，but now，like Dolger，Deutsche Literaturzeit.74（1953），598，I agree with Sinogowitz’view which had already been put forward by earlier scholars（cf.esp.Andreeva，Ocerki 5 f.and BS 4（1932），178）.But unlike Dolger，op.cit.，I cannot agree with Sinogowitz’hypothesis that Constantine Lascaris，whom Nicetas Choniates 756，11，says had refused the crown，actually exercised the imperial office in Nicaea during the year 1204-5 and that Theodore Lascaris became Emperor in 1205 after the supposed death of his brother in battle against the Turks.The Greek sources give no more information about Constantine，but even Villehardouin（Ⅱ，130，ed.Faral），the only one who occasionally mentions him as fighting in Asia Minor，is very far from regarding him as the Emperor of the Greeks，and considers him rather as the faithful supporter of Theodore and‘one of the finest Greeks in Romania’（cf.also ibid.Ⅰ，168）.In maintaining that Theodore Lascaris came to the throne in 1205 Sinogowitz mainly relies on Nicetas Choniates’oration on Theodore in which he mentions his anointing（Sathas，。Ⅰ，113，22）.On the other hand it is known from Acropolites 11，18（ed.Heisenberg）that Theodore bore the title of Despot until his coronation by the Patriarch in 1208 and therefore was not proclaimed Emperor in 1205.But of course even before the coronation he was considered as the real ruler and it is perfectly natural for Acropolites 31，22，to say that he reigned eighteen years，reckoning the commencement of his rule from 1204.
[35]Cf.Gerland，Lat.Kaiserreich 82 ff.；Longnon，Empire latin 89 ff.，128 ff.
[36]The proof of this is given by Gerland，Lat.Kaiserreich 210 ff.
[37]Theodore Ⅰ married a niece of Leo Ⅱ in 1214，but the marriage was dissolved after a year.Cf.A.Heisenberg，‘Zu den armenisch-byzantinischen Beziehungen am Anfang des 13.Jahrhunderts’，S.B.d.Bayer.Akad.1929，fasc.6.
[38]On the chronology cf.J.Longnon，‘La campagne de Henri de Hainaut en Asie Mineure en 1211’，Bull.de l’Acad.de Belgique 34（1948），447.
[39]At least Henry accuses him of this intention in a letter sent to the West from the camp at Pergamon on 13 January 1212，Buchon，Recherches et matériaux Ⅱ，211 ff.
[40]Acropolites 27.Cf.also P.Lauer，‘Une lettre inédite d’Henri I d’Angre，empereur de Constantinople，aux prélats italiens（1213?）’，Mélanges Schlumberger Ⅰ（1924），201;J.Longnon，op.cit.442 ff.and Empire latin 127 f.，though he appears to overstress the significance of Henry’s victory.
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[27]Cf.Vasiliev，‘Foundation’3-37（and his supplementary article‘Mesarites as a Source’，Speculum 13（1938），180 ff.）.On the title of the Emperors of Trebizond ascf.Dolger，BZ 36（1936），233.whose suggestion that it was a version of the Byzantine title ofis more convincing than the explanation that it was in contrast to the rulers of Epirus suggested by N.Jorga，Revue Sud-Est europ.13（1936），176.
[28]On the role of Queen Thamar cf.Vasiliev，‘Foundation’12 ff.His views supported by documentary evidence do not seem to me to be invalidated by the objections of Jorga，op.cit.172 ff.
[29]On Sabbas cf.P.Orgels，‘Sabas Asidénos，dynaste de Sampson’，B 10（1935），67 ff.On the identification of Sampson，which has been confused with Sampson（Amisus）on the Black Sea，cf.G.de Jerphanion，‘ο.Une ville à déplacer de neuf cents kilomètres’，OCP 1（1935），257 ff.
[30]Nic.Choniates 791 and 808.Villehardouin Ⅱ，145（ed.Faral）.Cf.Gerland，Lat.Kaiserreich 41;Longnon，Empire latin 64 ff.；B.Primov，‘Gruucko-buulgarski suujuz v nacalo na ⅩⅢ vek’（The Graeco-Bulgarian alliance at the beginning of the thirteenth century），Istoriceski Pregled 4（1947），22 ff.
[31]There is a detailed description of the battle of Adrianople in Gerland，Lat.Kaiserreich 46 ff.，and Longnon，Empire latin 77 ff.
[32]On court life at Nicaea cf.Andreeva，Ocerki 55 ff.
[33]Heisenberg，‘Neue Quellen’Ⅱ，8 ff.
[34]B.Sinogowitz，‘Ueber das byzantinische Kaisertum nach dem Vierten Kreuzzuge（1204-1205）’，BZ 45（1952），345 ff.，convincingly demonstrates that it was not Theodore，but his brother Constantine Lascaris，who was proclaimed Emperor in St.Sophia on 13 April 1204 after Alexius V’s flight and immediately before the entry of the crusaders into Constantinople（according to Nic.Choniates 756，2）.I had accepted the opposite interpretation of Dolger，Reg.Ⅲ，1，but now，like Dolger，Deutsche Literaturzeit.74（1953），598，I agree with Sinogowitz’view which had already been put forward by earlier scholars（cf.esp.Andreeva，Ocerki 5 f.and BS 4（1932），178）.But unlike Dolger，op.cit.，I cannot agree with Sinogowitz’hypothesis that Constantine Lascaris，whom Nicetas Choniates 756，11，says had refused the crown，actually exercised the imperial office in Nicaea during the year 1204-5 and that Theodore Lascaris became Emperor in 1205 after the supposed death of his brother in battle against the Turks.The Greek sources give no more information about Constantine，but even Villehardouin（Ⅱ，130，ed.Faral），the only one who occasionally mentions him as fighting in Asia Minor，is very far from regarding him as the Emperor of the Greeks，and considers him rather as the faithful supporter of Theodore and‘one of the finest Greeks in Romania’（cf.also ibid.Ⅰ，168）.In maintaining that Theodore Lascaris came to the throne in 1205 Sinogowitz mainly relies on Nicetas Choniates’oration on Theodore in which he mentions his anointing（Sathas，。Ⅰ，113，22）.On the other hand it is known from Acropolites 11，18（ed.Heisenberg）that Theodore bore the title of Despot until his coronation by the Patriarch in 1208 and therefore was not proclaimed Emperor in 1205.But of course even before the coronation he was considered as the real ruler and it is perfectly natural for Acropolites 31，22，to say that he reigned eighteen years，reckoning the commencement of his rule from 1204.
[35]Cf.Gerland，Lat.Kaiserreich 82 ff.；Longnon，Empire latin 89 ff.，128 ff.
[36]The proof of this is given by Gerland，Lat.Kaiserreich 210 ff.
[37]Theodore Ⅰ married a niece of Leo Ⅱ in 1214，but the marriage was dissolved after a year.Cf.A.Heisenberg，‘Zu den armenisch-byzantinischen Beziehungen am Anfang des 13.Jahrhunderts’，S.B.d.Bayer.Akad.1929，fasc.6.
[38]On the chronology cf.J.Longnon，‘La campagne de Henri de Hainaut en Asie Mineure en 1211’，Bull.de l’Acad.de Belgique 34（1948），447.
[39]At least Henry accuses him of this intention in a letter sent to the West from the camp at Pergamon on 13 January 1212，Buchon，Recherches et matériaux Ⅱ，211 ff.
[40]Acropolites 27.Cf.also P.Lauer，‘Une lettre inédite d’Henri I d’Angre，empereur de Constantinople，aux prélats italiens（1213?）’，Mélanges Schlumberger Ⅰ（1924），201;J.Longnon，op.cit.442 ff.and Empire latin 127 f.，though he appears to overstress the significance of Henry’s victory.
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