第239章（1 / 2）
[214]Cf.Dolger，‘Johannes Ⅶ’28.
[215]Sphrantzes（ed.Papadopoulos）Ⅰ，120.
[216]According to Ducas，77，26，ed.Grecu（CB，49），Bajezid，angered at Manuel’s flight，sent him a message which concluded with the words：‘If you will not do and give me what I command，shut the gates of the city and rule within it，for everything outside is mine.’
[217]Cf.A.M.Schnerder，‘Die Bevolkerung Konstantinopels im XV.Jahrhundert’，Nachr.d.Akad.d.Wiss.in Gottingen，Philol.-Hist.Kl.1949，no.9，236 ff.
[218]Cf.Zakythinos，Despotat Ⅰ，153 f.，and esp.Loenertz，‘Péloponese’172 ff.Cf.also V.Laurent，‘Un acte grec inédit du despote serbe Constantin Dragas’，REB 5（1947），180.
[219]Cf.the comments of Jirecek，BZ 18（1909），584 f.，on the beginning of the blockade in 1394.
[220]Cf.K.M.Setton，Catalan Domination of Athens，Cambridge，Mass.1948，125 ff;and also Miller，Essays 135 ff.；Longnon，Empire latin 323 ff.
[221]Cf.Zakythinos，Despotat Ⅰ，155 ff.：Loenertz，‘Péloponèse’185 f.
[222]Nikov，‘Turskoto zavladevane’69，note 1，had already rightly stressed that there appeared to be some confusion in the accounts of the Turkish sources，i.e.the duplication of the events of 1388 and 1393.Cf.the thorough comments of Babinger，Beitrage 29 ff.，who seems，however，to go too far in wishing entirely to eliminate the Bulgarian campaign of 1388.
[223]Earlier scholars considered that the Turks suffered military defeat at the battle of Rovine.This view was abandoned，but it appears to have a very strong element of probability according to the striking arguments of Dj.Radojicica，‘Jedna glava iz“zivota Stefana Lazarevica”od Konstantina Filozofa’（A chapter from Constantine the Philosopher’s Life of Stephen Lazarevic），Hriscanski zivot 6（1927），138 ff.，and M.Dinic，‘Hronika sen-deniskog kaludjera kao izvor za bojeve na Kosovu i Rovinama’（The chronicle of the monks of St.Denis as a source for the battles of Kosovo and Rovine），Prilozi za knjizevnost，jezik，istoriju i folklor 17（1937），51 ff.Babinger，Beitrage 3 ff.，relying on Turkish sources，considers that the outcome of the battle was indecisive.It has been established beyond doubt that the date of the battle of Rovine was not on 10 October 1394（as formerly held）but on 17 May 1395，since this is the date of the death of Constantine Dragas who fell in the fight;cf.Dj.Radojicic，op.cit.，and‘La chronologie de la bataille de Rovine’，Revue hist.du Sud-Est europ.5（1928），136 ff.This inescapable conclusion is strengthened by the arguments of M.Dinic，op.cit.，and is in no way weakened by the comments of Babinger，Beitrage 3 ff.，who supports the year 1393.Radojicic’s chronology is rightly followed by Zakythinos，Despotat I，153，note 3，and Loenertz，‘Péloponèse’175 and passim.Cf.also V.Laurent，REB 5（1947），180，note 3，and 6（1948），282.
[224]Cf.G.Kling，Die Schlacht bei Nikopolis im Jahre 1396，Diss.Berlin 1906;A.S.Atiya，The crusade of Nicopolis，London 1934;R.Rosetti，‘The Battle of Nicopolis（1396）’，Slavonic Review 15（1937），629 ff.
[225]Cf.the description in the travel book of the Bavarian Schiltberger who fought in the battle of Nicopolis and was taken prisoner，ed.V.Langmantel（Tübingen 1885），7.
[226]Cf.J.H.Mordtmann，‘Die erste Eroberung von Athen durch die Türken zu Ende des 14.Jahrhunderts’，BNJ 4（1923），346 ff.
[227]Cf.Zakythinos，Despotat Ⅰ，156 ff.，with references to the sources.
[228]Miklosich-Müller，Ⅱ，191 f.The end of this exhortation of the Patriarch Antony（1388-90;1391-7）is mutilated，and it therefore bears no date;it has usually been assigned to the year 1393，but it more probably belongs to the period 1394-7 because it speaks of the encirclement of Constantinople，and it was not until 1394 that Bajezid’s blockade commenced（cf.above，p.550）。
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[215]Sphrantzes（ed.Papadopoulos）Ⅰ，120.
[216]According to Ducas，77，26，ed.Grecu（CB，49），Bajezid，angered at Manuel’s flight，sent him a message which concluded with the words：‘If you will not do and give me what I command，shut the gates of the city and rule within it，for everything outside is mine.’
[217]Cf.A.M.Schnerder，‘Die Bevolkerung Konstantinopels im XV.Jahrhundert’，Nachr.d.Akad.d.Wiss.in Gottingen，Philol.-Hist.Kl.1949，no.9，236 ff.
[218]Cf.Zakythinos，Despotat Ⅰ，153 f.，and esp.Loenertz，‘Péloponese’172 ff.Cf.also V.Laurent，‘Un acte grec inédit du despote serbe Constantin Dragas’，REB 5（1947），180.
[219]Cf.the comments of Jirecek，BZ 18（1909），584 f.，on the beginning of the blockade in 1394.
[220]Cf.K.M.Setton，Catalan Domination of Athens，Cambridge，Mass.1948，125 ff;and also Miller，Essays 135 ff.；Longnon，Empire latin 323 ff.
[221]Cf.Zakythinos，Despotat Ⅰ，155 ff.：Loenertz，‘Péloponèse’185 f.
[222]Nikov，‘Turskoto zavladevane’69，note 1，had already rightly stressed that there appeared to be some confusion in the accounts of the Turkish sources，i.e.the duplication of the events of 1388 and 1393.Cf.the thorough comments of Babinger，Beitrage 29 ff.，who seems，however，to go too far in wishing entirely to eliminate the Bulgarian campaign of 1388.
[223]Earlier scholars considered that the Turks suffered military defeat at the battle of Rovine.This view was abandoned，but it appears to have a very strong element of probability according to the striking arguments of Dj.Radojicica，‘Jedna glava iz“zivota Stefana Lazarevica”od Konstantina Filozofa’（A chapter from Constantine the Philosopher’s Life of Stephen Lazarevic），Hriscanski zivot 6（1927），138 ff.，and M.Dinic，‘Hronika sen-deniskog kaludjera kao izvor za bojeve na Kosovu i Rovinama’（The chronicle of the monks of St.Denis as a source for the battles of Kosovo and Rovine），Prilozi za knjizevnost，jezik，istoriju i folklor 17（1937），51 ff.Babinger，Beitrage 3 ff.，relying on Turkish sources，considers that the outcome of the battle was indecisive.It has been established beyond doubt that the date of the battle of Rovine was not on 10 October 1394（as formerly held）but on 17 May 1395，since this is the date of the death of Constantine Dragas who fell in the fight;cf.Dj.Radojicic，op.cit.，and‘La chronologie de la bataille de Rovine’，Revue hist.du Sud-Est europ.5（1928），136 ff.This inescapable conclusion is strengthened by the arguments of M.Dinic，op.cit.，and is in no way weakened by the comments of Babinger，Beitrage 3 ff.，who supports the year 1393.Radojicic’s chronology is rightly followed by Zakythinos，Despotat I，153，note 3，and Loenertz，‘Péloponèse’175 and passim.Cf.also V.Laurent，REB 5（1947），180，note 3，and 6（1948），282.
[224]Cf.G.Kling，Die Schlacht bei Nikopolis im Jahre 1396，Diss.Berlin 1906;A.S.Atiya，The crusade of Nicopolis，London 1934;R.Rosetti，‘The Battle of Nicopolis（1396）’，Slavonic Review 15（1937），629 ff.
[225]Cf.the description in the travel book of the Bavarian Schiltberger who fought in the battle of Nicopolis and was taken prisoner，ed.V.Langmantel（Tübingen 1885），7.
[226]Cf.J.H.Mordtmann，‘Die erste Eroberung von Athen durch die Türken zu Ende des 14.Jahrhunderts’，BNJ 4（1923），346 ff.
[227]Cf.Zakythinos，Despotat Ⅰ，156 ff.，with references to the sources.
[228]Miklosich-Müller，Ⅱ，191 f.The end of this exhortation of the Patriarch Antony（1388-90;1391-7）is mutilated，and it therefore bears no date;it has usually been assigned to the year 1393，but it more probably belongs to the period 1394-7 because it speaks of the encirclement of Constantinople，and it was not until 1394 that Bajezid’s blockade commenced（cf.above，p.550）。
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