第87章（1 / 3）
[64]On the authenticity of Gregory Ⅱ’s letters to Leo Ⅲ see above under Sources，p.151 f.Whatever conclusions are reached with regard to the texts in question，the fact remains that letters were exchanged and with negative results.
[65]In his useful book Gesch.des Papsttums Ⅱ（1933），E.Caspar grossly distorts the figure of Gregory Ⅱ whom he represents as a national revolutionary.
[66]Cf.H.Menges，Die Bilderlehre des hl.Johannes von Damaskus，Münster 1938.
[67]Cf.Schwarzlose，Bilderstreit 187 ff.，and my study，‘Soedinenie voprosa o sv.ikonach s christologiceskoj dogmatikoj’（The holy icons and their connection with Christological doctrine），Sem.Kond.1（1927），35 ff.
[68]Cf.the two letters of Pope Zacharias（MG.Ep.Ⅲ Nr.57 and 58）which cite Artabasdus and his son Nicephorus as Emperors.On the chronology of Artabasdus’usurpation see Ostrogorsky，‘Chronologie’18.
[69]Theophanes 422，
[70]Theophanes 429;Nicephorus 66.
[71]Cf.Zlatarski，Istorija Ⅰ，1，208 ff.
[72]Nicephorus 69，1 puts the number of the Slav settlers at 208，000.This cannot simply be discarded as an exaggeration，as P.Charanis wishes to do（‘The Slavic Element in Asia Minor’，B 18（1948），77 f.）.On the other hand，neither is it necessary to increase it，as Pancenko does，arguing that this figure stands only for warriors，and does not include the whole mass of the migrants with their women and children（‘Pamjatnik slavjan v Vifinii’（Evidence of the Slavs in Bithynia），Izv.Russk.Archeol.Inst.v Konstantinopole 8（1903），35）.Numerical exaggerations tend to be in round figures，but the closer exactness of Nicephorus’figure looks as though he most probably obtained it from official sources.
[73]A.Lombard，Constantin V，empereur des Romains 47，puts the battle of Anchialus in 762，Zlatarski，Istorija Ⅰ，1，214，and Runciman，Bulg.Empire 38 in 763.This latter date is no doubt correct，not so much for the reasons put forward by Runciman（Zlatarski does not state the grounds for his view），as simply because Theophanes’information（433，5）that the battle took place in indiction 1 and that 30 June was a Thursday is in complete accord;Lombard relies on the world year 6254 as given by Theophanes，but in this part of his chronicle there is the usual and，so to speak，normal discrepancy between the calculation of the year and the indiction.
[74]V.Grumel，‘L’annexion de l’Illyricum oriental，de la Skie et de la Calabre au patriarcat de Constantinople’，Recherches de science religieuse 40（1952），191 ff.，has shown that this step was not taken，as was previously thought，in the fourth decade of the eighth century under Leo Ⅲ，but two decades later，after the collapse of Byzantine power in Italy under Constantine V.The earlier date is deended by M.V.Anastos，‘The Transfer of Illyricum，Calabria and Sicily to the Jurisdiotion of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 732-3’，Silloge bizantina in onore di S.G.Mrcoti Rome，1957，14 ff.
[75]Cf.the Nouthesia of George of Cyprus，ed.Melioranskij，Georgij Kiprjanin，p.x ff.
[76]Collected together in Ostrogorsky，Bilderstreit 8 ff.
[77]Ostrogorsky，Bilderstreit 8，fragment 2，。
[78]Cf.Ostrogorsky，Bilderstreit 24 ff.；Martin，Iconoclastic Controversy 42;Bréhier-Aigrain 467.
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[65]In his useful book Gesch.des Papsttums Ⅱ（1933），E.Caspar grossly distorts the figure of Gregory Ⅱ whom he represents as a national revolutionary.
[66]Cf.H.Menges，Die Bilderlehre des hl.Johannes von Damaskus，Münster 1938.
[67]Cf.Schwarzlose，Bilderstreit 187 ff.，and my study，‘Soedinenie voprosa o sv.ikonach s christologiceskoj dogmatikoj’（The holy icons and their connection with Christological doctrine），Sem.Kond.1（1927），35 ff.
[68]Cf.the two letters of Pope Zacharias（MG.Ep.Ⅲ Nr.57 and 58）which cite Artabasdus and his son Nicephorus as Emperors.On the chronology of Artabasdus’usurpation see Ostrogorsky，‘Chronologie’18.
[69]Theophanes 422，
[70]Theophanes 429;Nicephorus 66.
[71]Cf.Zlatarski，Istorija Ⅰ，1，208 ff.
[72]Nicephorus 69，1 puts the number of the Slav settlers at 208，000.This cannot simply be discarded as an exaggeration，as P.Charanis wishes to do（‘The Slavic Element in Asia Minor’，B 18（1948），77 f.）.On the other hand，neither is it necessary to increase it，as Pancenko does，arguing that this figure stands only for warriors，and does not include the whole mass of the migrants with their women and children（‘Pamjatnik slavjan v Vifinii’（Evidence of the Slavs in Bithynia），Izv.Russk.Archeol.Inst.v Konstantinopole 8（1903），35）.Numerical exaggerations tend to be in round figures，but the closer exactness of Nicephorus’figure looks as though he most probably obtained it from official sources.
[73]A.Lombard，Constantin V，empereur des Romains 47，puts the battle of Anchialus in 762，Zlatarski，Istorija Ⅰ，1，214，and Runciman，Bulg.Empire 38 in 763.This latter date is no doubt correct，not so much for the reasons put forward by Runciman（Zlatarski does not state the grounds for his view），as simply because Theophanes’information（433，5）that the battle took place in indiction 1 and that 30 June was a Thursday is in complete accord;Lombard relies on the world year 6254 as given by Theophanes，but in this part of his chronicle there is the usual and，so to speak，normal discrepancy between the calculation of the year and the indiction.
[74]V.Grumel，‘L’annexion de l’Illyricum oriental，de la Skie et de la Calabre au patriarcat de Constantinople’，Recherches de science religieuse 40（1952），191 ff.，has shown that this step was not taken，as was previously thought，in the fourth decade of the eighth century under Leo Ⅲ，but two decades later，after the collapse of Byzantine power in Italy under Constantine V.The earlier date is deended by M.V.Anastos，‘The Transfer of Illyricum，Calabria and Sicily to the Jurisdiotion of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 732-3’，Silloge bizantina in onore di S.G.Mrcoti Rome，1957，14 ff.
[75]Cf.the Nouthesia of George of Cyprus，ed.Melioranskij，Georgij Kiprjanin，p.x ff.
[76]Collected together in Ostrogorsky，Bilderstreit 8 ff.
[77]Ostrogorsky，Bilderstreit 8，fragment 2，。
[78]Cf.Ostrogorsky，Bilderstreit 24 ff.；Martin，Iconoclastic Controversy 42;Bréhier-Aigrain 467.
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